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        Charlotte Perkins Gilman, an early critic of marriage, was not the first to ask questions about what marriage meant for women. Her attention to the problem at a time when others were beginning to confront the issue allows us a glimpse into the newly evolving identities of women. Gilman's first book, Women and Economics, published in 1898, addressed the marriage question indirectly. Women and men, she argued, were both essential for economic survival. Dependent on men and confined to the home, women remained helpless to protest mens' decisions. And yet, absent women in the home, men would be unable to work outside it, and families unable to survive. To Gilman, it seemed merely logical that women be entitled to work outside the home for wages. It was ridiculous, she thought, to believe that the function of marriage and motherhood unfit women for an economic role, and especially for economic production.
Gilman was especially insistent that the condition of motherhood not only did not unfit women for positions in the workforce, but actually should be a pathway for women to work. Open jobs to women, she argued, and provide home roles for those men who chose to do them.